We were very hopeful that we would verify there was an anti-cancer effect. We ended up showing no change in cancer or cancer death.

When we put all the trials together we were hopeful of validating a cancer-protective effect, but we ended up not finding any.

It's come full circle -- first they thought it was a great drug for heart disease that might cause cancer, then they thought it might prevent cancer. But we now know they can take the drug safely without risk of cancer.

In our study we did a meta-analysis of all the trials, and were not able to show any reduction in cancer or in cancer deaths.