Menander
Menander: The Father of New Comedy
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Full Name and Common Aliases
Menander (c. 342 – 291 BCE) was a renowned Greek playwright from Athens, often referred to as the "Father of New Comedy." His name is derived from the Greek word for "manly" or "masculine," which reflects his reputation as a writer of bold and innovative comedies.
Birth and Death Dates
Menander's birthdate is estimated to be around 342 BCE, although the exact date is unknown. He died in approximately 291 BCE during the reign of Antigonus I Monophthalmus, one of Alexander the Great's generals.
Nationality and Profession(s)
As a Greek from Athens, Menander was born into a culture that valued literature, theater, and intellectual pursuits. His profession as a playwright allowed him to contribute significantly to the development of Western drama. Menander's comedies were highly regarded for their clever plots, witty dialogue, and insightful portrayals of human nature.
Early Life and Background
Menandre was born into an aristocratic family in Athens during the 4th century BCE. His father was a wealthy merchant who owned significant properties and trade routes throughout Greece. Menander's family connections likely provided him with access to education and resources that helped shape his early interests in literature and theater.
Major Accomplishments
Menander's most significant contributions to the world of comedy include:
Innovations in Plot Structure: He introduced a more logical and coherent narrative structure, moving away from the absurdity and stock characters found in Old Comedy.
Realistic Portrayals of Human Nature: Menander's characters were often drawn from everyday life, reflecting the complexities and nuances of human relationships.
The Emergence of New Comedy: His plays helped establish New Comedy as a distinct genre, influencing playwrights for centuries to come.Notable Works or Actions
Menander's most famous surviving works include:
Dyskolos (The Grouch): A play that satirizes the wealthy elite and features a lovable but cantankerous protagonist.
Periceiromene: A comedy that explores themes of love, family, and social status.
Aspis (The Shield): A play that showcases Menander's ability to craft engaging plots and memorable characters.
Impact and Legacy
Menander's impact on Western drama cannot be overstated. His innovations in plot structure and character development paved the way for future generations of playwrights, including Roman writers like Plautus and Terence. The influence of his works can still be seen in modern comedies, where witty dialogue and relatable characters remain essential elements.
Why They Are Widely Quoted or Remembered
Menander's quotes and writings are widely remembered due to their timeless wisdom and insight into human nature. His plays continue to entertain audiences with their clever plots, memorable characters, and thought-provoking themes. As a master of New Comedy, Menander's contributions have left an enduring legacy that remains relevant today.
Quotes by Menander
Menander's insights on:
'Tis always best to tell the truth. At every crisis, I recommend this as a chief contribution to security in life.
When at a loss about something, go and take counsel by yourself. For in the midst of shouting, the advantageous course is not to be seen, but as one reasons with oneself, it shines out clear.
Intelligence, if it is clever in the direction of the better, is responsible for the greatest benefits of all.
The spoken word is man's physician in grief. For this alone has soothing charms for the soul.