SARTRE JEAN-PAUL
Sartre Jean-Paul
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Full Name and Common Aliases
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Jean-Paul Sartre was born on June 21, 1905, in Paris, France. He is commonly referred to as "The Father of Existentialism" due to his influential philosophical contributions.
Birth and Death Dates
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June 21, 1905 - April 15, 1980
Nationality and Profession(s)
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French philosopher, playwright, novelist, and critic
Early Life and Background
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Jean-Paul Sartre was born to Jean-Baptiste Sartre, an naval officer, and Charlotte Aline-Maurois, a writer. His early life was marked by instability due to his father's frequent deployments and the family's subsequent moves between Paris and various coastal towns in France.
Sartre attended the prestigious Lycée Condorcet in Paris before enrolling in the École Normale Supérieure (ENS), where he studied philosophy alongside other notable French intellectuals, including Simone de Beauvoir. The experience would shape his future philosophical views and intellectual pursuits.
Major Accomplishments
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Sartre's philosophical contributions revolutionized modern thought, focusing on individual freedom and choice in a seemingly indifferent universe. His concept of "existence precedes essence" posits that individuals create their own meaning through action, rather than being predetermined by inherent characteristics or external forces.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1964 but declined it, stating: "A writer does his job with pleasure and without hope of a reward."
Notable Works or Actions
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Some notable works include:
"Being and Nothingness" (1943) - A philosophical treatise that explores the concept of human existence.
"No Exit" (1944) - A play that examines the themes of existentialism, freedom, and responsibility in a hellish afterlife setting.
"Nausea" (1938) - A novel that critiques traditional notions of time, space, and causality.
Sartre's activism extended beyond literature. He was an outspoken advocate for human rights, civil liberties, and anti-colonialism. His involvement in various intellectual movements, including the French resistance during World War II, solidified his reputation as a champion of freedom and autonomy.
Impact and Legacy
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Sartre's influence can be seen in various fields:
Philosophy: Existentialism, Phenomenology, Postmodernism
Literature: Absurdist Theater, Experimental Fiction
Social Movements: Human Rights, Civil Liberties, Anti-Colonialism
Why They Are Widely Quoted or Remembered
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Sartre's thought-provoking ideas and actions have made him a household name. His concept of "existence precedes essence" has inspired countless individuals to take responsibility for their choices and create their own meaning in life.
His commitment to intellectual freedom, social justice, and human rights continues to inspire new generations of thinkers, activists, and artists.
As a philosopher, playwright, novelist, and critic, Sartre's impact on modern thought and culture is undeniable. His legacy serves as a reminder that individual freedom and choice are the cornerstones of a meaningful existence.
Quotes by SARTRE JEAN-PAUL
Kad banaliausias įvykis virstų nuotykiu, reikia (ir užtenka) imi j pasakoti. Tai apgauna žmones: žmogus yra amžinas istorijų pasakotojas, gyvena apsuptas savų ir svetimų atsitikimų, viską, kas nutinka, jis mato per juos; stengiasi gyventi gyvenimą taip, tarsi jį pasakotų. Tačiau reikia rinktis: gyventi ar pasakoti.
Ne mogu više govoriti, naginjem glavu. Samoukovo lice stoji tik do mojega. On se naduto smiješi, s licem prema mojemu licu, tako kao da ga gledam u nekim sablasnim snima. Mučno žvačem komad kruha i ne mogu se odlučiti da ga progutam. ''Ljudi. Treba ljubiti lčjude. Ljud isu divni.'' Spopade me želja da bljujem - i naglo nastupa ono; Mučnina.
Taj je čovjek imao u sebi jednostavnost neke ideje. U njemu je ostajalo još samo kostiju, mrtvoga mesa i Čisto PRavo. Pravi slučaj opsjednuća, pomislih. Kada bijes Prava obuzme čovjeka, ne možeš ga nikako istjerati; Jean Parrotin je posvetio čitav svoj život mišljenju o svojemu Pravu i ničemu drugom.
Oni dolaze kasnije. Ima ponajprije navjesničkih znakova. A onda povlaštena situacija, polagano, veličanstveno, uđe u život ljudi. Onda se pojavljuje pitanje, hoćemo li od nje načiniti savršeni momenat. - Dobro, rekoh, shvatio sam. U svakoj od povlađtenih situacija ima nekih činova, koje treba izvesti, stavova, koje treba poprimiti, riječi, koje treba reći - a drugi stavovi, druge riječi jesu strogo zabranjeni. Jesam li pogodio?
No era el aire miserable de aquel tipo lo que nos daba miedo, ni el tumor que tenía en el pescuezo y que el borde del cuello postizo rozaba; sentíamos que elaboraba en su cabeza pensamientos de cangrejo o langosta. Y nos aterrorizaba que pudieran concebirse pensamientos de langosta...
I want to leave, to go somewhere where I should be really in my place, where I would fit in . . . but my place is nowhere; I am unwanted.
Molim lijepo, ali ti ni u najmanjoj mjeri ne misliš jednako kao ja. Ti se tužiš, jer se stvari ne rađaju oko tebe kao kita cvijeća, a da se ti i ne potrudiš da nešto učiniš. Ja nisam nikada tražila toliko: ja sam htjela djelovati.
Ja to znam. Znam, da više neću nikada susresti ničega niti nikoga, koji bi me zadojio strašću. Ti znaš, zaljubiti se u nekoga, to je čitav pothvat. Treba imati energije, plemenitosti, zaslijepljenosti... Ima čak i neki trenutak, već na samomu početku, kada treba preskočiti preko ponora: ako čovjek počne razmišljati, on to ne načini. Znam, da neću više nikada preskakati.
Slobodan sam: više mi ne ostaje nijedan razlog da živim; svi oni, koje sam prokušao, propali su, a ja ne mogu više zamisliti neke nove. Još sam dosta mlad, imam još dostatno sila da ponovo počnem. Ali što treba ponovo početi?